A keyboard is a device used to encode data by key depression, which enter information into a system. The keyboard converts alphabets and number, and other special symbols into electrical signals that processor can understand and process. These signals are sent to the computer’s CPU. It includes the standard typewriter keys, numerical keypad and functional keys, special keys that issue command. Keyboard can divide into three different layouts QWERTY keyboard, AZERTY keyboard and Dvorak keyboard.
• QWERTY
QWERTY (pronounced /ˈkwɜrti/) is the most used modern-day keyboard layout on English-language computer and typewriter keyboards. It takes its name from the first six characters seen in the far left of the keyboard's top row of letters. The QWERTY design is based on a layout designed by Christopher Latham Sholes in 1874 for the Sholes and Glidden typewriter and sold to Remington in the same year, when it first appeared in typewriters. It was designed to minimize type bar clashes, became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878, and remains in use on electronic keyboards due to the network effect of a standard layout and the failure of alternatives to provide very significant advantages.
• AZERTY
A keyboard layout used in France and neighboring countries. A, Z, E, R, T and Y are the letters on the top left, alphabetic row. AZERTY is similar to the QWERTY layout, except that Q And A is swapped, Z and W are swapped and M is in the middle row instead of the bottom one.
• Dvorak
Keyboard layout designed in the 1930s by August Dvorak, University of Washington, and his brother-in-law, William Dealey. 70% of words are typed on the home row compared to 32% with QWERTY, and more words are typed using both hands. In eight hours, fingers of a QWERTY typist travel 16 miles, but only one for the Dvorak typist.
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